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It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largely by Alexander Hamilton, and the rival Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican Party, formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, usually called at the time the Republican Party (note: …
Two major parties dominated the political landscape: the Whig Party, led by Henry Clay, that grew from the National Republican Party; and the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson.
Challanges faced by political parties in modern era are : Lack of internal democracy : Power within political parties is concentrated in hands of one or few leaders at the top. They do not hold regular meetings. Members can’t criticise top leaders’ decisions.
Challenges before Political Parties :
(a) Lack of internal democracy: The first challenge is lack of internal democracy within parties. In many parties, the top positions are always controlled by members of one family. (c) Money and muscle power: The third challenge is about growing role of money and muscle power in parties, especially during elections.
National parties A registered party is recognised as a national party only if it fulfils any one of the three conditions listed below: At a general election to Lok Sabha or Legislative Assembly, the party polls 6% of votes in any four or more states and in addition it wins four Lok Sabha seats.
Rule adjudication is the function of courts not of political parties. Similarly rule making and rule application which is done by legislature and executive respectively.
Registered Party. A political party that is registered in the registry of political parties and that complies with the requirements of the Canada Elections Act. Registered Association (Electoral district, riding or constituency association)