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The assumptions of the two theories contradict each other. While realism is taken to portray pessimism in the relations between states in the international system, liberalism depicts optimism and positivism in as far as the relations and goals of states in the international system are concerned.
Realism is a theory that claims to explain the reality of international politics. For realists, the highest goal is the survival of the state, which explains why states’ actions are judged according to the ethics of responsibility rather than by moral principles.
Key Theories of International Relations
Liberal norms favour international cooperation, human rights, democracy and rule of law. When a state takes actions contrary to these norms, they are subject to various types of costs. However, international norms are often contested because of the wide variation in values around the globe.
With the proper institutions and diplomacy, Liberals believe that states can work together to maximize prosperity and minimize conflict. Liberalism is one of the main schools of international relations theory. Liberalism comes from the Latin liber meaning “free”, referred originally to the philosophy of freedom.
Theories of International Relations allow us to understand and try to make sense of the world around us through various lenses, each of which represents a different theoretical perspective. In order to consider the field as a whole for beginners it is necessary to simplify IR theory.
International relations attempts to explain the interactions of states in the global interstate system, and it also attempts to explain the interactions of others whose behavior originates within one country and is targeted toward members of other countries.
The normative approach is characterized by statements which explains what should or ought to be. Realist emphasizes power politics. The fundamental basis of political realism is the concept of interest defined in terms of power. Philosophical approach is the general approach to normative thinking.
The Five Principles include mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefits, and peaceful coexistence.
The scope of IR should include study of “varied types of groups – nations, states, governments, peoples, regions, alliances, confederations, international organisations, even industrial organisations, cultural organisations, religious organization” etc. which are involved in the conduct of these relations.
It is a major determinant of the policies of the leading states of the world and of international relations generally. In international relations one studies the nature, elements and measurement of national power, balance of power, power equations and limitations on national power.
As a subdiscipline of political science, the focus of IR studies lie on political, diplomatic and security connections between states, as well as the study of modern political world history.
Presently, the Scope of International Politics includes the study of all the factors and forces which direct shape and condition the behaviour of nations in international relations. In comparison with the pre-1945 situation, today we find the scope of International Politics very vast and still fast expanding.
It’s an intriguing and important subject which places great emphasis on economics, culture, education, and political science and examines the impact they have on society. You’ll also learn how and why nations, governments and individuals respond accordingly to such issues.
International Politics is about the world we live in, the challenges we face, power and struggles, and the opportunities and the obstacles for relations among peoples, societies, states, organsiations.
International relations (also known as international affairs or global politics, amongst other course names) focuses on the political issues and foreign affairs affecting the world today. It’s an interdisciplinary subject, touching on history, economics, anthropology and sociology as well as politics.
International Politics is an important branch, of social science and it is inter disciplinary in nature. Scope means areas of study. The scope of International Relations is not yet well settled. Instruments of international politics – Diplomacy. Foreign policy, international trade, Economic and Military assistance etc.
Thus the structure of international politics is an ordering principle to position or arrange sovereign states in their interactions. Describing the nature of the structure, he notes that international systems are decentralized and anarchic, and stresses that states are to seek to ensure their survival.
International relations is a broad field that helps create bonds between nations through economic, social, and political relationships. International politics is a subset of the study of international relations, and as such, it requires critical thinking skills and proficiency in cross-cultural communication.
Political science entails the collection and analysis of data to examine political theories, such as reviewing voter data to understand patterns and political trends. International relations professionals typically focus on issues foreign and political that have a direct impact on the world at large.
While international society refers to the intersubjectively agreed (or, indeed, contested) aspects of international politics, the concept of international system allows us to highlight the way in which social interactions have consequences ‘outside the will of the community concerned’ (Watson 1992: 311).
International Conflict Behavior (as defined in Table 4.4) is caused by: